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Main messages

Infectious diseases

Immunisation

Ensure that all patients, especially children, are up-to-date with the UK immunisation schedule. See Immunisation collection with complete schedules.

Tuberculosis

There is a low incidence of TB in Lebanon (<40 cases/100,000), so:

• routine screening for TB is not required
• consider testing in patients (including children) who show signs and symptoms
• be aware that TB is a notifiable disease

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV

Take a sexual history, and:

• screen for STIs and HIV according to risk as specified in the UK national standards and guidelines
• test all sexually active patients under the age of 25 for chlamydia

Lebanon has a low rate of HIV (鈮�1%), so:

• offer and recommend an HIV test if the patient:
  • falls into a high risk group
  • is newly registering in a high prevalence area
• be advised that national guidelines do not recommend routine consideration of HIV testing of infants and children who have recently arrived in the UK

Hepatitis B

Lebanon has a low prevalence of hepatitis B, so:

• offer screening for hepatitis B to all pregnant women during each pregnancy
• immunise appropriately babies born to mothers who are hepatitis B positive, and follow-up accordingly
• be aware that the UK has a universal infant immunisation programme for hepatitis B and a selective immunisation programme for higher risk groups

Travel plans and advice

Ask about any travel plans the patient may have to visit friends and relatives in their country of origin, and see , or the Health Protection Scotland websites ( and ), for travel advice.

Typhoid

There is a risk of typhoid infection in Lebanon, so:

• ensure that travellers to Lebanon are offered typhoid immunisation and advice on prevention of enteric fever
• remember enteric fever in the differential diagnosis of illness in patients with a recent history of travel to-or-from Lebanon

Women鈥檚 health

Reproductive health indicators

Reproductive health indicator	UK	Lebanon
Number of children per woman鹿	2	2

鹿lifetime average

No data is available on:

• contraceptive use
• mammography screening rates
• cervical cancer screening rates

Find out more about women鈥檚 health.

Nutritional and metabolic concerns

Anaemia

There is a moderate risk of anaemia in adults (estimated prevalence in non-pregnant women is 20 to 40%) and pre-school children (estimated prevalence is 20 to 40%), so:

• be alert to the possibility of anaemia in recently arrived migrants, particularly women and pre-school children
• test as clinically indicated

Vitamin D

Consider the possibility of vitamin D deficiency in people who may be at risk due to:

• covering their body for cultural or religious reasons (lack of sunlight)
• skin colour
• diet (vegan or vegetarian)

Vitamin A

There is a high risk of vitamin A deficiency in Lebanon.

Iodine

People from Lebanon may be at risk of mild iodine deficiency due to inadequate intake.

Country profile

Health indicators and health care

has a summary of health indicators and health care in Lebanon.

Culture, politics and history

and provide background information on the culture, politics and history of Lebanon.

Languages

The main languages used in Lebanon are:

• Arabic (official)
• French
• English
• Armenian

Source:

Find out about language interpretation.

Religions

Religion	Population (%)
惭耻蝉濒颈尘鹿	54
颁丑谤颈蝉迟颈补苍虏	40.5
Druze	5.6

鹿Sunni 27% , Shia 27%; 虏includes: Maronite Catholic 21%, Greek Orthodox 8%, Greek Catholic 5%, other Christian 6.5%

Source:

Migration to the UK

There were almost 16,000 people from Lebanon living in the UK at the time of the 2011 Census.