188体育

Main messages

Infectious diseases

Immunisation

Ensure that all patients, especially children, are up-to-date with the UK immunisation schedule. See the complete schedules in the immunisation collection.

Tuberculosis

There is a low incidence of TB in Slovakia (<40 cases/100,000), so:

• routine screening for TB is not required
• consider testing in patients (including children) who show signs and symptoms
• be aware that TB is a notifiable disease

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV

Take a sexual history, and:

• screen for STIs and HIV according to risk as specified in the UK national standards and guidelines
• test all sexually active patients under the age of 25 for chlamydia

Slovakia has a low rate of HIV (鈮�1%), so:

• offer and recommend an HIV test if the patient:
  • falls into a high risk group
  • is newly registering in a high prevalence area
• be advised that national guidelines do not recommend routine consideration of HIV testing of infants and children who have recently arrived in the UK

Hepatitis B

Slovakia has a low prevalence of , so:

• offer screening for hepatitis B to all pregnant women during each pregnancy
• immunise appropriately babies born to mothers who are hepatitis B positive, and follow-up accordingly
• be aware that the UK has a a universal infant immunisation programme for hepatitis B聽and a selective immunisation programme for higher risk groups

Hepatitis C

Slovakia has the same or lower prevalence of hepatitis C than the UK, so .

Travel plans and advice

Ask opportunistically about any travel plans the patient may have to visit friends and relatives in their country of origin, and see , or the Health Protection Scotland websites ( and ), for travel advice.

Typhoid

There is a risk of typhoid infection in Slovakia, so:

• ensure that travellers to Slovakia are offered typhoid immunisation and advice on prevention of enteric fever
• remember enteric fever in the differential diagnosis of illness in patients with a recent history of travel to-or-from Slovakia

Women鈥檚 health

Reproductive health indicators

Reproductive health indicator	UK	Slovakia
Number of children per woman鹿	2	1
Breast examination or mammography虏	75%	46%
Cervical cancer screening鲁	70%	59%

鹿lifetime average; 虏women aged 50 to 69 years; 鲁women aged 20 to 69 years

No data is available on:

• contraceptive use

Nutritional and metabolic concerns

Anaemia

There is a moderate risk of anaemia in people from Slovakia (estimated prevalence in non-pregnant women is 20 to 40%), so:

• be alert to the possibility of anaemia in recently arrived migrants, particularly women and pre-school children
• test as clinically indicated.

Vitamin D

Consider the possibility of vitamin D deficiency in people who may be at risk due to:

• covering their body for cultural or religious reasons (lack of sunlight)
• skin colour
• diet (vegan or vegetarian).

Vitamin A

There may be a risk of vitamin A deficiency in Slovakia.

Country profile

Health indicators and health care

has a summary of health indicators and health care in Slovakia.

Culture, politics and history

and provide background information on the culture, politics and history of Slovakia.

Languages

Language	Population (%)
Slovak (official)	78.6
Hungarian	9.4
Roma	2.3
Ruthenian	1
Other or unspecified	8.8

Source:

Religions

Religion	Population (%)
Roman Catholic	62
Protestant	8.2
Greek Catholic	3.8
Other or unspecified	12.5
None	13.4

Source:

Migration to the UK

There were almost 58,000 people from Slovakia living in England and Wales at the time of the 2011 Census.

Source: