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You must follow this guidance if you bottle, sell (through retail outlets or online) or distribute olive oil in the UK.

Properties of pure olive oil

Pure olive oils are regulated by the Olive Oil (Marketing Standards) Regulations 2014.

Pure olive oils are:

• extra virgin olive oil
• virgin olive oil
• olive oil composed of refined olive oils and virgin olive oils
• olive pomace oil

All pure olive oils must have the correct chemical properties, such as their acidity, fatty acid and sterol composition.

Extra virgin olive oil and virgin olive oil must also have the correct organoleptic (sensory) properties, such as their smell or taste.

The requirements for pure olive oils are set out in:

• (REUL) Regulation 2568/91 (as amended) for products sold in Great Britain (England, Scotland and Wales)
• Regulation 2568/91 (as amended) for products sold in Northern Ireland

Labelling pure olive oil

The label for pure olive oils must:

• follow the labelling rules for food sold or given to consumers
• match the product inside its packaging
• include an English translation if the product is sold in the UK
• state the type of olive oil in the main field of vision and in the same sized text, font and colour
• state its designation of origin (where it comes from) for extra virgin and virgin olive oils only in the main field of vision and in the same sized text, font and colour
• display storage advice to keep away from heat and light

Labelling requirements for pure olive oils are set out in:

• (REUL) Regulation 29/2012 (as amended) for products sold in Great Britain
• Regulation 29/2012 (as amended) for products sold in Northern Ireland

Extra virgin olive oil and virgin olive oil labels

Labels for extra virgin olive oil must display:

• the name 鈥榚xtra virgin olive oil鈥�
• its designation of origin or its geographical indication - a protected status against imitation
• the words 鈥榮uperior category olive oil obtained directly from olives and solely by mechanical means鈥�

Labels for virgin olive oil must display:

• the name 鈥榲irgin olive oil鈥�
• its designation of origin
• the words 鈥榦live oil obtained directly from olives and solely by mechanical means鈥�

For extra virgin olive oil and virgin olive oils, labels could also display optional details:

• first cold pressing - oils obtained below 27掳C by traditional mechanical pressing
• cold extraction - oils obtained below 27掳C by percolation or centrifugal extraction from olive paste
• organoleptic properties - based on an assessment of its taste or smell
• acidity or maximum acidity which must include the peroxide value, wax content and ultraviolet absorption
• harvest year - if all the olive oil was harvested in the same year, you can label it with the month it was extracted from olives, and the year

Label descriptions must comply with olive oil production methods and organoleptic assessment as described in the regulations.

Olive oil composed of refined olive oils and virgin olive oils labels

Labels for olive oil composed of refined olive oils and virgin olive oils must display the:

• name 鈥榦live oil composed of refined olive oils and virgin olive oils鈥�
• words 鈥榦il comprising exclusively oils that have undergone refining and oils obtained directly from olives鈥�

You must not add the designation of origin on labels for this category of olive oil.

Olive pomace oil labels

Labels for olive pomace oil must display the:

• name 鈥榦live pomace oil鈥�
• words 鈥榦il comprising exclusively oils obtained by treating the product obtained after the extraction of the olive oil and oils obtained directly from olives鈥� or 鈥榦il comprising exclusively oils obtained by processing olive pomace and oils obtained directly from olives鈥�

You must not add the designation of origin for olive pomace oil.

Blended pure olive oil labels

Blended extra virgin olive oil is extra virgin olive oil blended from more than one country. Likewise, blended virgin olive oil is virgin olive oil blended from more than one country.

Up to 31 December 2023, blended pure olive oils sold in Great Britain can display 鈥楴on-EU鈥� on labels.

From 1 January 2024, blended pure olive oil sold in Great Britain must not display 鈥榥on-EU鈥� on its label, unless the product was already bottled and labelled before this date. It must display one of the following:

• a list of each country of origin the oil is blended from
• a statement about its origin, such as 鈥榓 blend of oils from more than one country鈥�
• a statement about its trading group origin, such as 鈥榓 blend of olive oils of European Union origin鈥�

For blended pure olive oils sold in Northern Ireland only, you can use 鈥榥on-EU鈥� on the label, if applicable.

Read the rules on reasonable adjustment timelines to make the change to product labels.

Labelling infused olive oil

For olive oil infused (flavoured) with other substances, such as garlic, the label must not display any reference to a pure olive oil. For example, you must not state 鈥榚xtra virgin olive oil infused with garlic鈥� (or any other pure olive oil infused with another flavour) or 鈥榮uperior category olive oil obtained directly from olives and solely by mechanical means鈥�.

You can add pure olive oil to the product鈥檚 list of ingredients.

Labelling other oils and food products containing olive oil

You must list olive oil in the ingredients for products containing pure olive oil, for example:

• focaccia bread or pizza dough
• ready-made sauces, such as pesto
• other oil blended with pure olive oil

If olive oil is mentioned in addition to the product ingredients, such as sunflower oil blended with pure olive oil, the label should display the words 鈥榖lend of sunflower oil and olive oil鈥�, followed by the percentage of olive oil in the blend (required by Article 6 of Regulation 29/2012).

Packaging pure olive oil

You must not sell pure olive oil on tap.

You must sell it in sealed containers. You must fit a tamper-proof seal to pure olive oil at the bottling stage.

Sealed containers must not be larger than 5 litres.

Bottlers: keep records for inspection

Bottlers must keep records to show at an inspection.

You must keep a record of each type of olive oil you hold. For each pure olive oil, you must record the:

• date and amount of each batch that arrives, and where each batch came from
• date and amount of each batch that you despatch, and where it goes to
• date and quantity of any disposal
• activity taken, such as blending or bottling
• amount of stock you hold at the end of each month
• amount of stock you hold at the end of each financial year

You must record your suppliers鈥� names and addresses so the olive oil can be traced back to its origin.

Inspections by the Animal and Plant Health Agency

The Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA) can inspect olive oil products, their labels or records at the premises of:

• bottlers
• marketers
• retailers
• distributors

The number of inspections depends on risk assessment, based in part on past compliance or volume of olive oil handled by the premises.

An inspector will:

• take samples of extra virgin olive oil and virgin olive oil to test sensory and chemical properties
• take samples of olive oil composed of refined olive oils and virgin olive oils, and olive pomace oil to test just their chemical properties
• check that labels follow the relevant labelling rules
• check your records show when your olive oil arrived and left your premises, and where the olive oil came from

APHA will not pay for any oil taken for sampling.

Inspection results

APHA will tell you the inspection results by letter or email. This can take up to 3 months.

If you disagree with the sensory or chemical test result, you can ask APHA to re-test your product within 14 days of receiving the result. If both re-tests fail, you will only need to pay for the cost of the sensory re-test. This can vary from 拢300 to 拢600.

If you fail an inspection at any stage of olive oil production, including any re-test, APHA may issue you with a compliance notice.

The compliance notice will tell you what鈥檚 wrong, what you must do to fix the problem, and how long you have to do this. You could be prosecuted if you do not comply with the notice.

Appeal against an inspection decision

You can email APHA [email protected] to ask them to review their decision if you disagree with it. If you鈥檙e not happy with their response, you can appeal against the decision.

For appeals in England or Wales, your appeal must arrive within 28 days from the date on the compliance notice. For Scotland or Northern Ireland, your compliance notice will tell you what date you must appeal by.

In England or Wales, contact the General Regulatory Chamber of the First-tier Tribunal.

In Scotland, contact the .

In Northern Ireland, contact the .

Contact APHA

If you have a question about olive oil inspections, email APHA [email protected].

To complain about the olive oil inspection service, follow APHA鈥檚 complaints process.