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Main messages

Infectious diseases

Immunisation

Ensure that all patients, especially children, are up-to-date with the UK immunisation schedule.

Tuberculosis (TB)

There is a high incidence of TB in Kenya (40 to 499 cases per 100,000), so:

• screen all new entrants (including children) for TB according to
• refer to TB services promptly if screening is positive
• maintain long term vigilance for symptoms of TB even if initial screening is negative
• be aware that TB is a notifiable disease

Sexually transmitted infections and HIV

There is a high rate of HIV in Kenya (>1%), so:

• offer and recommend an HIV test according to
• consider offering an HIV test to infants and children who have recently arrived in the UK according to

Be advised that although recent global data on STIs are not available, countries with high HIV rates tend to have higher rates of STIs, and the range of STIs encountered in Kenya may vary from those in the UK, so offer to sexually active individuals:

• a full sexual health screen
• safer sex health promotion advice by referral to local genito-urinary medicine services

Hepatitis B

Kenya has an intermediate prevalence of hepatitis B, so:

• consider screening for hepatitis B, particularly those who have recently arrived
• offer screening for hepatitis B to all pregnant women during each pregnancy
• immunise appropriately babies born to mothers who are hepatitis B positive, and follow-up accordingly
• be aware that the UK has a universal infant immunisation programme for hepatitis B and a selective immunisation programme for higher risk groups

Hepatitis C

Kenya has a higher prevalence of hepatitis C than the UK, so .

Polio

Polio (cVDPV) has been reported in the past in Kenya, so:

• be alert for signs and symptoms of polio in anyone arriving from Kenya, and investigate as appropriate
• ensure all new entrants are brought up to date with the UK immunisation schedule, including polio vaccine as required
• see for advice about polio vaccine requirements if patients are planning to travel back to Kenya, as specific advice is in place for long-term visitors (over 4 weeks) to Kenya.

Travel plans and advice

Ask opportunistically about any travel plans the patient may have to visit friends and relatives in their country of origin, and see , or the Health Protection Scotland websites ( and ), for travel advice.

Malaria

There is a high risk of malaria in some areas of Kenya, mainly due to P. falciparum, so:

• who has travelled to-and-from in the last year
• remember that malaria can be rapidly fatal

Typhoid

There is a risk of typhoid infection in Kenya, so:

• ensure that travellers to Kenya are offered typhoid immunisation and advice on prevention of enteric fever
• remember enteric fever in the differential diagnosis of illness in patients with a recent history of travel to-or-from Kenya

Helminths

There is a risk of helminth infections in Kenya, including:

• schistosomiasis
• lymphatic filariasis
• soil transmitted helminthiasis

Women鈥檚 health

Reproductive health indicators

Reproductive health indicator	UK	Kenya
Children per woman鹿	2	5
Use of contraception虏	82%	39.3%
Breast examination or mammography鲁	75%	0%
Cervical cancer screening鈦�	70%	4%

鹿lifetime average 虏by woman of reproductive age or partner 鲁women aged 50 to 69 years 鈦磜omen aged 20 to 69 years

Find out more about women鈥檚 health.

Female genital mutilation

Female genital mutilation (FGM) has regularly been documented in Kenya.

Nutritional and metabolic concerns

Anaemia

There is a moderate risk of anaemia in adults (estimated prevalence in non-pregnant women is 20 to 40%), and a high risk pre-school children (estimated prevalence is 20 to 40%), in Kenya, so:

• be alert to the possibility of anaemia in recently arrived migrants, particularly women and pre-school children
• test as clinically indicated

Vitamin D

Consider the possibility of vitamin D deficiency in people who may be at risk due to:

• covering their body for cultural or religious reasons (lack of sunlight)
• skin colour
• diet (vegan or vegetarian)

Vitamin A

There is a high risk of vitamin A deficiency in Kenya.

Country profile

Health indicators and health care

has a summary of health indicators and health care in Kenya.

Culture, politics and history

and provide background information on the culture, politics and history of Kenya.

Languages

The main languages used in Kenya are:

• English (official)
• Kiswahili (official)
• numerous indigenous languages

Source: .

Find out about language interpretation.

Religions

Religion	Population (%)鹿
颁丑谤颈蝉迟颈补苍虏	82.5
Muslim	11.1
None	2.4
Other	1.7
Traditionalists	1.6
Unspecified	0.7

鹿2009 census 虏Protestant 47.4%, Catholic 23.3%, other 11.8%

Source: .

Migration to the UK

There were over 137,000 people from Kenya living in England and Wales at the time of the 2011 Census.

Source: 漏 Crown Copyright 2014.