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Material resources are an essential input into processes of production and consumption that underpin our wellbeing. When these resources are from primary rather than secondary or recycled sources, they must be extracted or harvested from the natural environment, which can often deplete the planet鈥檚 stock of natural capital.

The material footprint, or raw material consumption, is the allocation of global primary used raw material extraction to final domestic demand for goods and services, typically measured at the level of a country. The footprint takes a consumption-based perspective, reallocating environmental pressures or change linked to the production of goods and services, to sources of final demand rather than location of associated extraction, emission, or occurrence.