Guidance

Annexe 1. Literature search strategy

Published 11 October 2024

漏 Crown copyright 2024

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The principal assessment of literature was based on the references used in the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) review 鈥楽afety assessment of titanium dioxide (E171) as a food additive鈥� (EFSA, 2021). This literature search was made by ANS in 2016 and the methodology used for this was detailed in Appendices A and B of their review. This search was subsequently update to 2021 using methodology outlined in Appendices J and L (EFSA, 2021).

For this review of genotoxicity, the literature was again updated using the following methodology.

Scopus

(鈥渢itanium dioxide鈥� AND nanoparticle AND genotox*聽AND聽鈥漣n vitro鈥�)聽AND聽PUBYEAR聽>聽2020聽AND聽PUBYEAR聽>聽2020: 39

PubMed

鈥渢itanium dioxide鈥漑Title/Abstract] AND nanoparticle[Title/Abstract] AND genotox*[Title/Abstract] AND 鈥渋n vivo鈥漑Title/Abstract]: 1

Both 2021 to 2023 and only English language.

Exclusion criteria applied by EFSA were also used. The following criteria for exclusion were applied:

  • non-biological, toxicological or genotoxicity studies (for example, synthesis, photocatalytic performance, soil analysis)
  • studies on non-mammal species (for example, fish,聽Drosophila, bees) or plants *聽in vivo聽studies that have used a non-relevant route of administration (for example, dermal, dental and bone implants)
  • studies performed only with coated TiO2
  • studies performed only with 2聽nanofibres, nanocomposites or nanotubes
  • reviews, editorials, letters to the editors and so on

Terms like聽derma* OR dental OR 鈥渂one implant*鈥� OR soil OR plant OR fish were also excluded.

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