Research and analysis
NOIDs causative agents: week 13 (week ending 3 April 2022)
Updated 16 January 2023
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NOIDs weekly report
Laboratories in England have a statutory duty to notify the UK Health Security Agency of the identification of the following causative agents:
- Bacillus anthracis
- Bacillus cereus
- Bordetella pertussis
- Borrelia spp
- Brucella spp
- Burkholderia mallei
- Burkholderia pseudomallei
- Campylobacter spp
- Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative bacteria
- Chikungunya virus
- Chlamydophila psittaci
- Clostridium botulinum
- Clostridium perfringens
- Clostridium tetani
- Corynebacterium diphtheriae
- Corynebacterium ulcerans
- Coxiella burnetii
- Crimean-Congo haemorrhagic fever virus
- Cryptosporidium spp
- Dengue virus
- Ebola virus
- Entamoeba histolytica
- Escherichia coli O 157
- Francisella tularensis
- Giardia lamblia
- Guanarito virus
- Haemophilus influenzae (invasive)
- Hanta virus
- Hepatitis A
- Hepatitis B
- Hepatitis C
- Hepatitis D
- Hepatitis E
- Influenza virus
- Junin virus
- Kyasanur Forest disease virus
- Lassa virus
- Legionella spp
- Leptospira interrogans
- Listeria monocytogenes
- Machupo virus
- Marburg virus
- Measles virus
- Mumps virus
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex
- Neisseria meningitidis
- Omsk haemorrhagic fever virus
- Plasmodium falciparum
- Plasmodium Knowlesi
- Plasmodium Malariae
- Plasmodium Ovale
- Plasmodium Vivax
- Polio virus
- Rabies virus
- Rickettsia spp
- Rift Valley fever virus
- Rubella virus
- Sabia virus
- Salmonella spp
- SARS Coronavirus
- Shigella spp
- Streptococcus group A (invasive)
- Streptococcus pneumoniae (invasive)
- Varicella zoster virus
- Variola virus
- Vibrio cholerae
- West Nile virus
- Yellow fever virus
- Yersinia pestis
| Week notification received | 2022/08 | 2022/09 | 2022/10 | 2022/11 | 2022/12 | 2022/13 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arboviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| West Nile virus | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Bacillus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bacillus cereus | 17 | 17 | 15 | 19 | 17 | 10 |
| Bordetella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Bordetella pertussis | 1 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | - |
| Borrelia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Borrelia burgdorferi | 4 | 16 | 8 | 13 | 12 | 6 |
| Borrelia sp | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | - | 1 |
| Borrelia tillae | 1 | - | - | 3 | - | - |
| Burkholderia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Burkholderia pseudomallei | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Campylobacter coli | 13 | 24 | 12 | 24 | 14 | 19 |
| Campylobacter fetus | - | 2 | 1 | 1 | - | - |
| Campylobacter helveticus | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter jejuni | 213 | 273 | 245 | 255 | 269 | 194 |
| Campylobacter lari | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Campylobacter other named | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Campylobacter sp | 680 | 706 | 635 | 571 | 621 | 698 |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis | - | - | 1 | 2 | 1 | - |
| Campylobacter ureolyticus (bacteroides corrodens) | - | - | - | 2 | - | - |
| Chikungunya virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Chikungunya virus | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Clostridium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Clostridium perfringens | 39 | 27 | 33 | 28 | 21 | 25 |
| Coronavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coronavirus | 33 | 41 | 51 | 58 | 82 | 73 |
| Human coronavirus 229e | 1 | - | 1 | - | - | 2 |
| SARS coronavirus | - | 1 | - | 2 | 1 | - |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody indeterminate | 115 | 202 | 197 | 161 | 146 | 113 |
| SARS-CoV-2 antibody void | 46 | 53 | 912 | 50 | 45 | 54 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) | 171,067 | 217,610 | 367,689 | 472,790 | 486,060 | 385,277 |
| SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus (COVID-19) indeterminate | 1,834 | 1,701 | 1,500 | 2,055 | 2,058 | 1,967 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody negative | 1,149 | 1,336 | 1,325 | 1,304 | 1,267 | 1,090 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody positive | 2,826 | 3,290 | 3,206 | 3,528 | 3,504 | 2,574 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody negative | 3 | - | 2 | 2 | - | 4 |
| SARS-CoV-2 IgM antibody positive | 2 | - | - | 3 | - | 1 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody negative | 5,720 | 1,417 | 7,817 | 1,841 | 1,721 | 1,545 |
| SARS-CoV-2 total antibody positive | 10,287 | 4,337 | 15,467 | 5,219 | 4,834 | 7,173 |
| Corynebacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Corynebacterium diphtheriae | - | 2 | - | - | 2 | 3 |
| Corynebacterium ulcerans | - | - | 3 | - | - | - |
| Coxiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Coxiella burnetii | - | 1 | - | - | - | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Cryptosporidium hominis | - | 1 | - | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Cryptosporidium parvum | 15 | 15 | 17 | 15 | 10 | 6 |
| Cryptosporidium sp | 19 | 17 | 28 | 21 | 22 | 31 |
| Entamoeba | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Entamoeba histolytica | - | 1 | 2 | - | - | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli O 157 | 2 | 2 | 4 | 4 | 1 | 4 |
| Flaviviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Dengue virus | 1 | - | - | 1 | 2 | - |
| Haemophilus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Haemophilus influenzae | 40 | 41 | 40 | 34 | 35 | 35 |
| Hepatitis viruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Hepatitis A | 8 | 9 | 7 | 6 | 6 | 5 |
| Hepatitis B | 133 | 134 | 147 | 166 | 135 | 160 |
| Hepatitis C | 328 | 233 | 346 | 381 | 261 | 429 |
| Hepatitis D | 3 | - | 2 | - | - | 1 |
| Hepatitis E | 24 | 22 | 22 | 18 | 26 | 24 |
| Influenza virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Influenza A | 250 | 282 | 415 | 688 | 766 | 1027 |
| Influenza B | 32 | 17 | 20 | 133 | 37 | 122 |
| Influenza indeterminate | 6 | - | 4 | - | - | - |
| Influenza ungrouped | 1 | 2 | - | 5 | - | 9 |
| Legionella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Legionella pneumophila | 5 | - | - | 1 | 2 | 5 |
| Legionella sp | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 3 |
| Listeria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Listeria monocytogenes | 1 | - | 2 | 9 | 2 | 1 |
| Mycobacterium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis | 65 | 60 | 49 | 74 | 49 | 65 |
| Neisseria | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Neisseria meningitidis | 6 | 9 | 6 | 9 | 13 | 13 |
| Paramyxoviruses | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Measles virus | - | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | - |
| Mumps virus | - | - | 2 | 2 | - | 1 |
| Plasmodium | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Plasmodium falciparum | 2 | - | - | - | - | 2 |
| Polyomavirus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Polyomavirus BK | 23 | 32 | 24 | 23 | 32 | 32 |
| Polyomavirus JC | 4 | 3 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 5 |
| Rubella virus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Rubella virus | 4 | 1 | 5 | 2 | 3 | 2 |
| Salmonella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Other salmonellas | 39 | 40 | 28 | 47 | 22 | 25 |
| Salmonella enteritidis | 8 | 24 | 21 | 18 | 7 | - |
| Salmonella mbandaka | 5 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Salmonella newport | - | 6 | - | - | - | 5 |
| Salmonella sp | 9 | - | 10 | 20 | 47 | 67 |
| Salmonella typhi and paratyphi | 6 | 14 | 6 | 8 | 12 | 14 |
| Salmonella typhimurium | 24 | 40 | 28 | 37 | 20 | 16 |
| Shigella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Shigella boydii | 3 | 1 | 2 | - | 1 | 2 |
| Shigella dysenteriae | - | - | - | 1 | 1 | - |
| Shigella flexneri | 10 | 19 | 15 | 20 | 12 | 10 |
| Shigella sonnei | 18 | 12 | 10 | 7 | 8 | 14 |
| Shigella sp | 31 | 31 | 29 | 30 | 24 | 35 |
| Streptococcus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Streptococcus group A | 31 | 22 | 33 | 24 | 41 | 47 |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae | 62 | 73 | 74 | 75 | 101 | 79 |
| Vibrio | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Vibrio cholerae | - | 1 | - | 1 | - | - |
Carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE)*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/08 | 2022/09 | 2022/10 | 2022/11 | 2022/12 | 2022/13 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Citrobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Citrobacter spp | NDM | - | - | - | - | - | 1 |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | - | - | - | 1 | 1 |
| Enterobacter | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Enterobacter cloacae complex | KPC | 3 | 2 | 2 | - | 2 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 3 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Other enterobacter spp | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Escherichia | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Escherichia coli | KPC | 5 | 4 | 3 | 1 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 4 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 2 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 3 | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | - | 2 | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Klebsiella oxytoca | KPC | 1 | 3 | 1 | - | - | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 1 | - | - | - | - | - |
| Klebsiella pneumoniae | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
| Ìý | KPC | 5 | 6 | 3 | 2 | 4 | - |
| Ìý | NDM | 1 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 2 | - |
| Ìý | OXA48 | 2 | 4 | 7 | 4 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | - | 2 | - | - | 1 | - |
| Klebsiella variicola | KPC | - | - | 1 | - | - | - |
| Morganella | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Morganella morganii | OXA48 | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
| Proteus | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Proteus mirabilis | NDM | - | 1 | - | - | - | - |
Other carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms*
Please note: The numbers presented here do not include specimens that have been referred to the AMRHAI Reference Unit
| Week notification received | 2022/08 | 2022/09 | 2022/10 | 2022/11 | 2022/12 | 2022/13 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pseudomonas | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý | Ìý |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa | VIM | - | - | - | 1 | - | - |
| Ìý | Other | 1 | 1 | 1 | - | 1 | 1 |
| Other pseudomonas spp | IMP | - | - | - | - | 1 | - |
*for all Carbapenemase-producing Gram-negative organisms, the reports are de- duplicated by first mention of organism species and resistance mechanism by person in a rolling 52-week period