188体育

Introduction

The GCSE subject content sets out the knowledge, understanding and skills common to all GCSE specifications in a given subject. Together with the assessment objectives it provides the framework within which the awarding organisations create the detail of their specifications, so ensuring progression from key stage 3 national curriculum requirements and the possibilities for development into A level.

Subject aims and learning outcomes

All specifications in computer science must build on the knowledge, understanding and skills established through the computer science elements of the programme of study for computing at key stage 3, satisfy the computer science elements of computing at key stage 4 and enable students to progress into further learning or employment.

GCSE specifications in computer science should enable students to:

• understand and apply the fundamental principles and concepts of computer science, including:
  • abstraction
  • decomposition
  • logic
  • algorithms
  • data representation

• analyse problems in computational terms through practical experience of solving such problems, including designing, writing and debugging programs

• think creatively, innovatively, analytically, logically and critically

• understand the components that make up digital systems, and how they communicate with one another and with other systems

• understand the impacts of digital technology to the individual and to wider society

• apply mathematical skills relevant to computer science

Subject Content

Knowledge and Understanding

GCSE specifications must require students to develop a knowledge and understanding of the fundamentals of computer science and programming including:

• standard algorithms, including binary search and merge sort

• following and writing algorithms to solve problems including:

  • sequence, selection and iteration

  • input, processing and output

• how particular programs and algorithms work

• the concept of data type, including integer, Boolean, real, character and string, and data structures, including records and one- and two-dimensional arrays

• representation of numbers in binary and hexadecimal; conversion between these and decimal; binary addition and shifts

• representation of text, sound, and graphics

• Boolean logic using AND, OR and NOT, combinations of these, and the application of logical operators in appropriate truth tables to solve problems

• the purpose and functionality of systems software, including the operating system and utility software

• characteristics of systems architectures, including:

  • CPU architecture, and the role of the components of the CPU in the fetch-execute cycle

  • main and contemporary secondary storage and ways of storing data on devices

  • data capacity and calculation of data capacity requirements

  • hardware components and embedded systems

• networks and the importance of:

  • connectivity, both wired and wireless

  • types of network

  • network security

  • the concept of networking protocols

  • 濒补测别谤蝉听

• cyber security:
  • forms of attack (based on technical weaknesses and behaviour)
  • methods of identifying vulnerabilities
  • ways to protect software systems (during design, creation, testing, and use)

• the ethical, legal and environmental impacts of digital technology on wider society, including issues of privacy and cyber security

• characteristics and purpose of different levels of programming language, including low-level language

Skills

GCSE specifications must require students to develop the following skills:

• take a systematic approach to problem solving including the use of decomposition and abstraction, and make use of conventions including pseudo code and flowcharts

• design, write, test and refine programs, using one or more high-level programming language with a textual program definition, either to a specification or to solve a problem

• use appropriate security techniques, including validation and authentication

• evaluate the fitness for purpose of algorithms in meeting requirements efficiently using logical reasoning and test data (formal comparisons of algorithmic efficiency are not required)

• use abstraction effectively to:

  • model selected aspects of the external world in a program

  • appropriately structure programs into modular parts with clear, well-documented interfaces

• apply computing-related mathematics