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HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) commissioned research agency Kantar Public to conduct independent research to improve HMRC鈥檚 understanding of individuals with 鈥榳orker鈥� employment status for rights.

The term 鈥榳orker鈥� includes employees and individuals with other contract types (known as limb (b) workers) under the Employment Rights Act 1996.

The quantitative research consisted of a large-scale survey with a representative sample of UK adults. Those who could be immediately identified as employees, self-employed or not in paid work were screened out. The remaining sample were asked additional questions to identify the likelihood of them being categorised as 鈥榳orkers鈥�, as opposed to self-employed.

The full survey results were then used to estimate the number of individuals in the overall UK workforce likely to have 鈥榳orker鈥� status (including employees and limb (b) workers).

Fieldwork was conducted between November 2018 and January 2019. Due to the onset of the coronavirus pandemic, the findings may no longer be an accurate reflection of the labour market.

This report outlines findings on 鈥榳orkers鈥� in the UK, as of early 2019, including:

• a ranged estimate of the number of individuals in the overall UK workforce likely to have 鈥榳orker鈥� status (including employees and limb (b) workers)

• the employment status assigned to individuals likely to have 鈥榳orker鈥� status

• demographic and economic characteristics of individuals likely to have 鈥榳orker鈥� status